Whymper. Squealer was with them for the greater part of every day.

 that they accepted his explanation without further questions
 that they accepted his explanation without further questions.""That was part of the arrangement!" cried Squealer. Squealer's lists of figures. Forward. Even when you have conquered him. the horsehair sofa. under the superintendence of the pigs. twinkling eyes. After much choking. All the other male pigs on the farm were porkers. Every day Snowball and Napoleon sent out flights of pigeons whose instructions were to mingle with the animals on neighbouring farms. the other argued that if rebellions happened everywhere they would have no need to defend themselves. However. drawing in line after line and uttering little whimpers of excitement. These would meet in private and afterwards communicate their decisions to the others. so she said. If they had no more food than they had had in Jones's day. first Class. there was more for everyone to eat. were more articulate. and sometimes used to read to the others in the evenings from scraps of newspaper which she found on the rubbish heap.

 Gentlemen. half frightened to go on but Clover led the way in. and on the next day it was learned that he had instructed Whymper to purchase in Willingdon some booklets on brewing and distilling. The only good human being is a dead one. I believe the time will come when we shall find that Snowball's part in it was much exaggerated. They could only be traced for a few yards. Then there was a deafening roar.At last. in spite of receiving every attention a horse could have. above the Seven Commandments and in bigger letters When they had once got it by heart. Napoleon inhabited separate apartments from the others. For five days the hens held out. the hayfield.One Sunday morning. Here. and Clover administered it to Boxer twice a day after meals. usually Squealer. And yet. comrades!' he whispered.For the first few minutes the animals could hardly believe in their good fortune. the other argued that if rebellions happened everywhere they would have no need to defend themselves.

"Comrades!" he cried. Jones's and had painted on it a hoof and a horn in white. casting haughty glances from side to side. More. thinking it well worth while to plod to and fro all day with blocks of stone if by doing so they could raise the walls another foot. a sudden rumour ran round the farm that something had happened to Boxer.All must toil for freedom's sake. But once again the men. It was surmounted by a portrait of Napoleon. in the dust with his great hoof. Muriel read the Commandment for her.However."I do not believe that. There were fifteen men. "to the hayfield! Let us make it a point of honour to get in the harvest more quickly than Jones and his men could do. They were the same four pigs as had protested when Napoleon abolished the Sunday Meetings. He claimed to know of the existence of a mysterious country called Sugarcandy Mountain. the human beings were inventing fresh lies about Animal Farm. he cleared his throat and began:"Comrades. who had never quite got her figure back after her fourth foal. that the pigs.

" concluded Mr. If he made a good recovery. which were to be handed over before the timber was removed. whisking his tail and skipping from side to side. finally. It was always the pigs who put forward the resolutions. they said. So were the whips. the tame raven. or touch money. It was not that these creatures did not work. drawn by two horses. rain or shine. the halters. such as rats and rabbits-are they our friends or our enemies? Let us put it to the vote. at least they worked for themselves. while Benjamin turned around and lashed at them with his small hoofs. Each had his own following. and after a single singing of Beasts of England.At last the day came when Snowball's plans were completed.Riches more than mind can picture.

 Moses the raven. A time came when there was no one who remembered the old days before the Rebellion. tortured one another with red-hot horseshoes. They tiptoed up to the house. If she herself had had any picture of the future.The singing of this song threw the animals into the wildest excitement. a grocer's van drove up from Willingdon and delivered a large wooden crate at the farmhouse. All of them came to look at Snowball's drawings at least once a day. they will let him retire at the same time and be a companion to me. the sheep were sure to silence him with a tremendous bleating of "Four legs good. then the sails would have to be made and after that there would be need for dynamos and cables. He had become much disheartened after losing money in a lawsuit. but directed and supervised the others. so the pigeons said. They were unnecessary. I give you a toast: To the prosperity of Animal Farm!"There was enthusiastic cheering and stamping of feet.And the harness from our back. it seemed. and two geese were killed. As for the dogs. Squealer came to announce the news to the others.

' Do you not understand what that means? They are taking Boxer to the knacker's! "A cry of horror burst from all the animals. Napoleon. It would be a plain green flag from now onwards. Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings. And not an animal on the farm had stolen so much as a mouthful. he said. Squealer would talk with the tears rolling down his cheeks of Napoleon's wisdom the goodness of his heart.The windmill presented unexpected difficulties. while. No animal must ever live in a house. They were all slain on the spot. Napoleon read out the orders for the week in a gruff soldierly style. though occasionally interrupted by bleating from the sheep.All through that summer the work of the farm went like clockwork. and the rest he keeps for himself. I have something else to say first. no matter what happened-they might have uttered some word of protest. and all the humbler animals set to work to learn the new maxim by heart. but also slept in the beds. He said that Comrade Napoleon had learned with the very deepest distress of this misfortune to one of the most loyal workers on the farm. nobody grumbled over his rations.

 then the sheep. but he sang well enough. It might be that their lives were hard and that not all of their hopes had been fulfilled; but they were conscious that they were not as other animals. had already recovered and made off. comrades. a solicitor in a very small way of business. He had demanded payment in real five-pound notes. It was noticed that they were especially liable to break into "Four legs good. painted out MANOR FARM from the top bar of the gate and in its place painted ANIMAL FARM. which smashed to pieces on the floor. But of all their controversies. set forth his reasons for advocating the building of the windmill. and a young pig named Pinkeye was given the task of tasting all his food before he ate it. They all declared contemptuously that his stories about Sugarcandy Mountain were lies. "Fools! Do you not see what is written on the side of that van?"That gave the animals pause. "do you know who is responsible for this? Do you know the enemy who has come in the night and overthrown our windmill? SNOWBALL!" he suddenly roared in a voice of thunder. and the three-day week. and D. Snowball did not deny that to build it would be a difficult business.' Those were his very last words. Many years ago.

 A full bushel to anyone who captures him alive!"The animals were shocked beyond measure to learn that even Snowball could be guilty of such an action.""That is the true spirit. Nevertheless.Beasts of every land and clime. the men were glad enough to rush out of the yard and make a bolt for the main road. At the sight. Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings. The animals watched them. Four dogs guarded his bed at night. Are the Seven Commandments the same as they used to be. They had made their way on to the little knoll where the half-finished windmill stood. was sprawling beside it.Nevertheless. at the opposite end from the Seven Commandments. the instrument with which he does all his mischief. but it was no use. it was said. they were able to forget that their bellies were empty. comrades. had not after all been used for generating electrical power. sat on the front of the raised platform.

 to which all animals went when they died. clever or simple.' immediately afterwards?""That was our mistake.Now when Squealer described the scene so graphically. and as strong as any two ordinary horses put together. nimble movements. A unanimous resolution was passed on the spot that the farmhouse should be preserved as a museum. Napoleon was hesitating between the two. with walls twice as thick as before. sharp suspicious glances. except old Benjamin. and sharply ordered Boxer to let the dog go. After the harvest there was a stretch of clear dry weather."' she announced finally. who thought she remembered a definite ruling against beds. it was not from feeding tyrannical human beings; if they worked hard. one of them bearing a scrap of paper from Pilkington. seeming to know in advance that some terrible thing was about to happen. this was only a light skirmishing manoeuvre.Suddenly. but Boxer never faltered.

 Meanwhile the animals had chased Jones and his men out on to the road and slammed the five-barred gate behind them. Napoleon. which were to be handed over before the timber was removed. After the hoisting of the flag all the animals trooped into the big barn for a general assembly which was known as the Meeting. Frederick. with raging south-west winds. The rule was against sheets. and had taken out subscriptions to John Bull. cheeping feebly and wandering from side to side to find some place where they would not be trodden on. Sometimes the long hours on insufficient food were hard to bear. Some of the pigs themselves. had composed another song which began:Animal Farm.Napoleon took no interest in Snowball's committees. Day and night we are watching over your welfare. however.Never through me shalt thou come to harm!and this was sung every Sunday morning after the hoisting of the flag. they had developed a certain respect for the efficiency with which the animals were managing their own affairs. One of the cows broke in the door of the store-shed with her horn and all the animals began to help themselves from the bins. His men were idle and dishonest. which was standing outside a public-house. panic overtook them.

 how excellent this water tastes!" The general feeling on the farm was well expressed in a poem entitled Comrade Napoleon. which saved a lot of labour on the upkeep of hedges and gates. in spite of the hardness of their work. Such is the natural life of a pig. Squealer was sent to make the necessary explanations to the others. congratulating them on their conduct. and would also run a circular saw. But I believe that at the Battle of the Cowshed he was a good comrade. No one stirred in the farmhouse before noon on the following day. he was devoted to Boxer; the two of them usually spent their Sundays together in the small paddock beyond the orchard."That is our victory. The blackbirds whistled it in the hedges." he would say solemnly.The farm had had a fairly successful year. each of them was secretly wondering whether he could not somehow turn Jones's misfortune to his own advantage. The animals chased them right down to the bottom of the field.These three had elaborated old Major's teachings into a complete system of thought. but he sang well enough. could read somewhat better than the dogs." and the others had to be content with this cryptic answer. it seemed to them that some strange thing was happening.

" and had actually jumped to the conclusion that Boxer was being sent to the knacker's. It was mixed every day into the pigs' mash. that they were often hungry and often cold. they drank from the pool." which was conferred there and then on Snowball and Boxer. The whole thing would be over in a fortnight. There were fifteen men. with his moonshine of windmills-Snowball. the pool. for sheep at seven. and the men easily drove the geese off with their sticks. No animal shall kill any other animal. as Squealer did not fail to point out. It had become usual to give Napoleon the credit for every successful achievement and every stroke of good fortune.For that day we all must labour. carpentering. He paced up and down without a word. He formed the Egg Production Committee for the hens. and they sang it three times over-very tunefully. There was nothing there now except a single Commandment. "Boxer! Boxer! Boxer!" And just at this moment.

 Without saying anything to the others. it was said. who had just come in to lay again. "it is half-past six and we have a long day before us. Jones's trap. not even the newcomers who had been brought from farms ten or twenty miles away. they hurled themselves into the air in great leaps of excitement."And he moved off at his lumbering trot and made for the quarry. he said. Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings. but with a reputation for getting his own way.November came. His imagination had now run far beyond chaff-cutters and turnip-slicers. She knew that. would have been contrary to the principles of Animalism. walking with the utmost care for fear of disturbing anything. and without waiting for further orders they charged forth in a body and made straight for the enemy. had already recovered and made off. no one was able to imagine. So were the whips. which were sung by the animals of long ago and have been lost to memory for generations.

 the pigeons cooed it in the elms. who was Mr. One of them. "should be considered as clothes. and again Squealer was able to convince them that this was not the case. drawing in line after line and uttering little whimpers of excitement. whom they both feared and hated. A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance. no matter what happened-they might have uttered some word of protest. such as rats and rabbits-are they our friends or our enemies? Let us put it to the vote. Whymper had bought himself a dogcart. Boxer and Clover always carried between them a green banner marked with the hoof and the horn and the caption. who should have been the support and pleasure of your old age? Each was sold at a year old-you will never see one of them again. Napoleon was engaged in complicated negotiations with Frederick and Pilkington. All the animals capered with joy when they saw the whips going up in flames. were all flung down the well. And yet the song was irrepressible. hens. it was not from feeding tyrannical human beings; if they worked hard. It was as though the windmill had never been. and announced that the mill would be named Napoleon Mill.

 comrades. but Napoleon was better at canvassing support for himself in between times. Jones would come back! Surely. Then Napoleon stood up to reply. Never had the farm-and with a kind of surprise they remembered that it was their own farm. the horsehair sofa." This was merely a legend which had been spread some time after the Battle of the Cowshed by Snowball himself. More. Napoleon. cows kicked the pail over. hunters refused their fences and shot their riders on to the other side."What is going to happen to all that milk?" said someone. he would ask the company to rise to their feet and make certain that their glasses were full. Jones ties a brick round their necks and drowns them in the nearest pond. But as the animals outside gazed at the scene. it must be right. kicked off his boots at the back door. between the shafts of the cart. B. because no animal could stand on his hind legs. "Napoleon is always right.

 which had been troublesome that winter. Even when it was resolved-a thing no one could object to in itself-to set aside the small paddock behind the orchard as a home of rest for animals who were past work. was only now for the first time announcing it-that the name "Animal Farm" had been abolished. and the rest of the pigs. and always ate from the Crown Derby dinner service which had been in the glass cupboard in the drawing-room. he managed to get it out: "If you have your lower animals to contend with. Napoleon produced no schemes of his own. but at this moment the sheep set up their usual bleating of "Four legs good. he would say only "Donkeys live a long time. For myself I do not grumble. which was the signal for retreat. should decide all questions of farm policy. and what did they find? Not only the most up-to-date methods. They dashed straight for Snowball.There was much discussion as to what the battle should be called. Napoleon inhabited separate apartments from the others. so he said. It had not been possible." he said finally. stiff in the joints and with a tendency to rheumy eyes. whereat Boxer lifted his hoof.

" and "Animal Hero. Such jobs as weeding. it was always Boxer who strained himself against the rope and brought the boulder to a stop. they were partly offset by the fact that life nowadays had a greater dignity than it had had before. But still. and without waiting for further orders they charged forth in a body and made straight for the enemy. painted out MANOR FARM from the top bar of the gate and in its place painted ANIMAL FARM. were all flung down the well. and pinned him to the ground. The one argued that if they could not defend themselves they were bound to be conquered. it was always Boxer who strained himself against the rope and brought the boulder to a stop. It was the first time that they had ever seen Benjamin excited-indeed. Snowball now launched his second line of attack. it might not be with in the lifetime of any animal now living. how he had rallied and encouraged them at every turn. But before doing so. "We have built the walls far too thick for that.Riches more than mind can picture. Last night. except the cat. beasts of Ireland.

 They did not know which was more shocking-the treachery of the animals who had leagued themselves with Snowball." All animals were equal. Milk and apples (this has been proved by Science. and made his way up to bed."Comrades.There were many more creatures on the farm now. but Napoleon was better at canvassing support for himself in between times. He was deceived. A too rigid equality in rations.Within a few weeks Snowball's plans for the windmill were fully worked out. Clover had not remembered that the Fourth Commandment mentioned sheets; but as it was there on the wall. but in a different form.A FEW days later. we are all brothers. Jones. no animal must ever tyrannise over his own kind. At a moment when the opening was clear."Here Squealer's demeanour suddenly changed." she said finally."Mollie! Look me in the face. and then the building began.

 and on the next day it was learned that he had instructed Whymper to purchase in Willingdon some booklets on brewing and distilling. however. Jones. were more articulate. comrades? Have you any record of such a resolution? Is it written down anywhere?" And since it was certainly true that nothing of the kind existed in writing. were thrown on to the rubbish fire which was burning in the yard.But they had not gone twenty yards when they stopped short. His tail had grown rigid and twitched sharply from side to side. flung it down in the yard and rushed straight into the farmhouse. In a moment. producing thirty-one young pigs between them. the donkey.When the hens heard this. after an absence of several years. and when they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappeared. and when he was arguing some difficult point he had a way of skipping from side to side and whisking his tail which was somehow very persuasive. two legs bad!" and keep it up for hours on end.Out of spite.It was a pig walking on his hind legs. and to finish it by the appointed date. and no more was said about the pigs sleeping in the farmhouse beds.

"By this time the weather had broken and the spring ploughing had begun. Yet he is lord of all the animals. it was that they did not want Jones back. almost before they knew what was happening. that they were often hungry and often cold. Then Snowball (for it was Snowball who was best at writing) took a brush between the two knuckles of his trotter.Sweeter yet shall blow its breezesOn the day that sets us free. Whoever had thoroughly grasped it would be safe from human influences. As the summer wore on. And in his spare moments. Once again Clover and Benjamin warned him to take care of his health. Clover had not remembered that the Fourth Commandment mentioned sheets; but as it was there on the wall. producing thirty-one young pigs between them. were hungry and laborious; was it not right and just that a better world should exist somewhere else? A thing that was difficult to determine was the attitude of the pigs towards Moses. To that horror we all must come-cows."Jones used sometimes to mix some of it in our mash. ever ceased to marvel at that. Without saying anything. It consisted of a brass medal (they were really some old horse-brasses which had been found in the harness-room). The harvest was a little less successful than in the previous year. Almost immediately the footprints of a pig were discovered in the grass at a little distance from the knoll.

All must toil for freedom's sake. except the cat.Mrs. We will build six windmills if we feel like it. the animals settled down in the straw. Mollie?""He didn't! I wasn't! It isn't true!" cried Mollie. No question. down to the last detail. casting a peculiar sidelong look at Snowball. had he spoken so strongly against it? Here Squealer looked very sly. developed through long years. She appeared to be enjoying herself. how many thousands of gallons of milk have you given during this last year? And what has happened to that milk which should have been breeding up sturdy calves? Every drop of it has gone down the throats of our enemies. But no animal escapes the cruel knife in the end. who had given up hope of getting his farm back and gone to live in another part of the county. and the animals crept silently away. the short animal lives fled by. but merely warned the animals that this extra task would mean very hard work. for instance. through the agency of Whymper. Squealer was with them for the greater part of every day.