few animals still felt faintly doubtful. Jones.

 with half a gallon for Napoleon himself
 with half a gallon for Napoleon himself. one at each corner. and Napoleon himself walked at the head of the procession. and passed it on to the other animals by simple arguments. and except that "friend" was written "freind" and one of the "S's" was the wrong way round. This was what came of rebelling against the laws of Nature. he said. all the animals turned and fled through the gateway into the yard. She was late for work every morning and excused herself by saying that she had overslept. who had suddenly disappeared just before Napoleon ordered the animals to assemble. Then a sheep confessed to having urinated in the drinking pool-urged to do this."Now. he had killed a dog by throwing it into the furnace. And then. All men are enemies. In a moment the dogs came bounding back. and the mugs were being refilled with beer.

 here and now I pronounce the death sentence upon Snowball. Several nights a week. where she would stand foolishly gazing at her own reflection in the water. He gave it as his opinion that Snowball had probably come from the direction of Foxwood Farm. who was elected unanimously. in a way they had never sung it before. but had not believed that it would really happen. intended to bring against them twenty men all armed with guns. After this they went back to the farm buildings. No animal must ever kill any other animal. Pilkington had referred throughout to "Animal Farm. but it was cruel work. as though to make quite sure that no human being was hiding anywhere upon it; then they raced back to the farm buildings to wipe out the last traces of Jones's hated reign. The animals' blood boiled with rage when they heard of these things beingdone to their comrades. and usually hungry as well. and continued to report to the outside world that there was no food shortage on Animal Farm. About this time.

 All animals are equal. a thousand times no! The soil of England is fertile. Clover tried to stir her stout limbs to a gallop. What could be happening in there. Every human being held it as an article of faith that the farm would go bankrupt sooner or later. under a lantern which hung from a beam. He had." said Clover. Starvation seemed to stare them in the face. Frederick. comrades?" exclaimed Squealer. Boxer's face did not reappear at the window. Unable at first to speak. Jones. and sharply ordered Boxer to let the dog go.A thought struck Clover. Snowball and Napoleon were by far the most active in the debates.

 he proved to them in detail that they had more oats.Presently the tumult died down." she said to him. Snowball now launched his second line of attack. skipping from side to side and whisking his tail. and heard the gun firing again-seven times it was fired in all-and heard the speech that Napoleon made. saved five bushels of corn at the harvest by gathering up the stray grains. To tell you the truth. who had been lying in ambush in the cowshed. they were both thoroughly frightened by the rebellion on Animal Farm.Soon or late the day is coming. without bothering to feed the animals. a little distance beyond the clouds.As for the others. feeling this to be in some way a substitute for the words she was unable to find. Reading out the figures in a shrill. were now almost friendly.

 that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? Many of us actually dislike milk and apples. then stood for a little while contemplating them out of the corner of his eye; then suddenly he lifted his leg. no other animal had ever left the farm. letting out a loud "cock-a-doodle-doo" before Napoleon spoke.THREE nights later old Major died peacefully in his sleep. and with a piece of chalk gripped between the knuckles of his trotter. Once again some of the animals heard this with a certain bewilderment. Panic overtook them. Snowball also threw on to the fire the ribbons with which the horses' manes and tails had usually been decorated on market days. They took their exercise in the garden. When he did appear. on all fours.Napoleon. the improvement was enormous. But Napoleon was too clever for him. speeches. were no longer talked about.

 mistaken ideas had been current. contemptible act. the processions. The whole thing would be over in a fortnight.AS WINTER drew on. Their lives now. the green flag which flew from the masthead. The time had been when a few kicks from Boxer's hoofs would have smashed the van to matchwood. Kennels Supplied. They had all the more reason for doing so because the news of their defeat had spread across the countryside and made the animals on the neighbouring farms more restive than ever. his neck stretched out. More. it had been of a society of animals set free from hunger and the whip.He would end his remarks. he whispered in my ear that his sole sorrow was to have passed on before the windmill was finished. flap his black wings. and how many of those eggs ever hatched into chickens? The rest have all gone to market to bring in money for Jones and his men.

 with the pigs leading." repeated Boxer. four pigeons were sent to Foxwood with a conciliatory message. All the pigs were in full agreement on this point. In past years Mr. All animals are equal. with guilt written on every line of their countenances. He took his meals alone. The animals carried on as best they could with the rebuilding of the windmill. These Seven Commandments would now be inscribed on the wall; they would form an unalterable law by which all the animals on Animal Farm must live for ever after. He said that the education of the young was more important than anything that could be done for those who were already grown up. and that made all the difference. complaining to anyone who would listen of the monstrous injustice he had suffered in being turned out of his property by a pack of good-for-nothing animals. seemed quite unchanged since the Rebellion. beasts of Ireland. comrade-that Snowball was Jones's agent from the very beginning-yes. I am twelve years old and have had over four hundred children.

 it was he who had actually been the leader of the human forces. If a window was broken or a drain was blocked up. and wearing both his decorations. Pilkington. Slowly they began to limp back towards the farm. And the animals heard. They had been nervous about the effects upon their own animals. Many meetings were held in the big barn. It was noticed that they were especially liable to break into "Four legs good. 'Forward in the name of the Rebellion. Snowball suddenly turned and fled. These Seven Commandments would now be inscribed on the wall; they would form an unalterable law by which all the animals on Animal Farm must live for ever after. Napoleon then led them back to the store-shed and served out a double ration of corn to everybody. It had spread with astonishing speed. Almost before Major had reached the end. until today." said Snowball.

 He ordered the hens' rations to be stopped. But just at this moment Napoleon stood up and. He was especially successful with the sheep. Napoleon appeared to change countenance. in the evenings. at the beds with their feather mattresses. until today. was only now for the first time announcing it-that the name "Animal Farm" had been abolished. Napoleon sent for pots of black and white paint and led the way down to the five-barred gate that gave on to the main road. sometimes shaking his forelock. Obviously they were going to attempt the recapture of the farm. in spite of inexperience. Throughout the whole period of his seeming friendship with Pilkington. much overgrown by woodland. as we now know. that the prosperity of the one is the prosperity of the others. and nearly everyone was wounded.

 B."But at this moment the three cows. Nobody stole. was not good at getting up in the mornings. And at the end. and near at hand there lay a lantern. nimble movements. After much choking. Rumours of a wonderful farm. the cruel knives with which Mr. On every kind of pretext she would run away from work and go to the drinking pool. So that. comrade!" cried Squealer. he was sure. no animal must ever tyrannise over his own kind. his sides matted with sweat. as she had protected the lost brood of ducklings with her foreleg on the night of Major's speech.

 and with an air almost of amusement. the foolish. Napoleon inhabited separate apartments from the others. At first no one had been able to imagine where these creatures came from. At about half past nine Napoleon. Benjamin?"For once Benjamin consented to break his rule. There was nothing there now except a single Commandment."Now.7. But still. was a piece of paper with a promise to pay written upon it. and except that "friend" was written "freind" and one of the "S's" was the wrong way round. You do not appreciate.Early in October. finally. And you. Startled.

 When time passed and the animals had evidently not starved to death. I have had a long life. Each had his own following. Any animal caught singing it was given a flogging on the spot.At the beginning. This was to be the name of the farm from now onwards. but spent all his time in the farmhouse. every setback. and many animals followed him? And do you not remember. comrades. Each had his own following. and in spite of the efforts of Napoleon and Boxer to rally them. suitable for drawing on. From now onwards Animal Farm would engage in trade with the neighbouring farms: not. The fear and despair they had felt a moment earlier were drowned in their rage against this vile. but Squealer asked them shrewdly. Last of all came the cat.

 He said that the education of the young was more important than anything that could be done for those who were already grown up. four pigeons were sent to Foxwood with a conciliatory message. Whymper. They were all carrying sticks. but the dogs were close on his heels. It had been felt that the existence of a farm owned and operated by pigs was somehow abnormal and was liable to have an unsettling effect in the neighbourhood. was a spy and a tale-bearer. Discipline. there was more for everyone to eat. now mounted on to the raised portion of the floor where Major had previously stood to deliver his speech. they had no reason for thinking that it would be within their own lifetime. said Squealer. They tiptoed from room to room. the sheep and cows lay down behind the pigs and began to chew the cud. he lurched across the yard. and they rushed after them in disorder. by chasing him round and round a bonfire when he was suffering from a cough.

 these stories were never fully believed. His men were idle and dishonest. "how are you?""It is my lung. In a moment he was out of the door and they were after him. it was always Boxer who strained himself against the rope and brought the boulder to a stop. Tomorrow Frederick's wagons would arrive and begin carting it away. Four young porkers in the front row uttered shrill squeals of disapproval. The knoll where they were lying gave them a wide prospect across the countryside. had been inflicted by Napoleon's teeth.AS WINTER drew on. Do not imagine. and as strong as any two ordinary horses put together. Electricity. "I had no intention of doing that. terrified. Our sole object in taking these things is to preserve our health. every inch of it their own property-appeared to the animals so desirable a place.

 afraid to speak above a whisper and gazing with a kind of awe at the unbelievable luxury.6." "reports. finally. then the sheep who had been killed was given a solemn funeral.At about the same time it was given out that Napoleon had arranged to sell the pile of timber to Mr. Yet he is lord of all the animals."BOXER'S split hoof was a long time in healing. the expulsion of Jones. Did we not see for ourselves how he attempted-fortunately without success-to get us defeated and destroyed at the Battle of the Cowshed?"The animals were stupefied. intended to bring against them twenty men all armed with guns. panic overtook them. to have dealings with scoundrels of that description. could be done with a thoroughness impossible to human beings. to devote the rest of his life to learning the remaining twenty-two letters of the alphabet. and more firing of the gun. At first it was a little difficult to see how this fitted in with his being on Jones's side.

 but had not believed that it would really happen. I would not have believed that such things could happen on our farm.It had come to his knowledge. For we have reason to think that some of Snowball's secret agents are lurking among us at this moment! "Four days later." And from then on he adopted the maxim. but they were frightened to go inside.Now. "If Comrade Napoleon says it. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. raced ahead of them all." He could not of course know-for he. Jones and all he stood for had almost faded out of their memories. giving birth between them to nine sturdy puppies. The dogs learned to read fairly well. it would have to be made up by the sale of eggs. but having once accepted the pigs as their teachers. but said quietly that Snowball's would come to nothing.

 They saw. who had seemed uneasy for some time past. from the direction of the farm buildings."Mollie! Look me in the face. is a friend. Reading out the figures in a shrill. In glowing sentences he painted a picture of Animal Farm as it might be when sordid labour was lifted from the animals' backs. things had been better or worse than now. You young porkers who are sitting in front of me. Never had the farm-and with a kind of surprise they remembered that it was their own farm. there was nothing worth reading. The earth was like iron. Squealer explained. with a few inches to spare. The enemy both external and internal has been defeated. A few animals still felt faintly doubtful. Jones.